Acadia Parish, LA

County

Add Comparison

Population

62,568

0.0623% 1-year decline

US Senator

Bill Cassidy

Republican Party

US Senator

John Kennedy

Republican Party

Median Age

36.2

Poverty Rate

23.9%

Median Household Income

$41,177

1.69% 1-year growth

Median Property Value

$107,700

10.5% 1-year growth

Number of Employees

25,356

1.5% 1-year growth

About

In 2018, Acadia Parish, LA had a population of 62.6k people with a median age of 36.2 and a median household income of $41,177. Between 2017 and 2018 the population of Acadia Parish, LA declined from 62,607 to 62,568, a -0.0623% decrease and its median household income grew from $40,492 to $41,177, a 1.69% increase.

The 5 largest ethnic groups in Acadia Parish, LA are White (Non-Hispanic) (77.4%), Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) (17.8%), Two+ (Non-Hispanic) (2.06%), White (Hispanic) (1.68%), and Other (Hispanic) (0.684%). NaNk% of the people in Acadia Parish, LA speak a non-English language, and 98.9% are U.S. citizens.

The largest universities in Acadia Parish, LA are Louisiana State University-Eunice (298 degrees awarded in 2017).

The median property value in Acadia Parish, LA is $107,700, and the homeownership rate is 70.8%. Most people in Acadia Parish, LA commute by Drove Alone, and the average commute time is 27.7 minutes. The average car ownership in Acadia Parish, LA is 2 cars per household.

Acadia Parish, LA borders Evangeline Parish, LA, Jefferson Davis Parish, LA, St. Landry Parish, LA, Vermilion Parish, LA, and Lafayette Parish, LA.

United States Louisiana Lafayette, LA

COVID-19

Daily New Cases by Date

Showing data at the state level for Louisiana. Hospitalization data for some states may be delayed or not reported.

This chart shows the number of COVID-19 daily new cases by date in Louisiana, as a 7-day rolling average, compared with the four states with the most similar number of confirmed cases.

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Impact on Employment

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Louisiana.

This chart shows weekly unemployment insurance claims in Louisiana (not-seasonally adjusted) compared with the four states with the most similar impact.

The most recent data point uses Advance State Claims data, which can be revised in subsequent weeks.

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Community Mobility

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Louisiana.

This chart presents movement trends over time in the state of Louisiana across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

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Civics

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Acadia Parish, LA went to Donald J. Trump with 77.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (20.6%), followed by Other (2.15%). The most partisan county was LaSalle Parish, LA with 88.8% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

Bill Cassidy and John Kennedy are the senators currently representing the state of Louisiana. In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

Louisiana is currently represented by 6 members in the U.S. house, and members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms.

Presidential Popular Vote Over Time

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

2016 Election Results

Donald J. Trump (77.3%)
Republican Party
Hillary Rodham Clinton (20.6%)
Democratic Party
Other (2.15%)
Other Party

In the 2016 presidential election, the popular vote in Louisiana went to Donald J. Trump with 77.3% of the vote. The runner-up was Hillary Rodham Clinton (20.6%), followed by Other (2.15%).

The following chart shows the popular vote results in Louisiana for each registered party from 1976 to 2016.

Presidential Popular Vote by County

Presidential voting results are only available at the county level. Showing data for the counties inside of Louisiana.

Showing data up to the 2016 election. Updated election results are currently being processed, and will be released in the coming months.

Donald J. Trump

Popular Vote for Acadia Parish, LA

77.3% for the Republican Party

Most Partisan Counties in Louisiana

LaSalle Parish, LA
88.8% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Cameron Parish, LA
88.2% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)
Livingston Parish, LA
84.6% for Donald J. Trump (Republican Party)

In the 2016 presidential election, the most partisan county in Louisiana was LaSalle Parish, LA with 88.8% of the vote going to Donald J. Trump running for the Republican Party.

The following map shows the counties in Louisiana colored by their party leaning.

US Senators from Louisiana

Senatorial voting results are only available at the state level. Showing data for Louisiana.

Bill Cassidy

Senator from Louisiana

Assumed office on January 3, 2015

John Kennedy

Senator from Louisiana

Assumed office on January 3, 2017

Bill Cassidy and John Kennedy are the senators currently representing Louisiana.

In the United States, senators are elected to 6-year terms with the terms for individual senators staggered.

The following chart shows elected senators in Louisiana over time, excluding special elections, colored by their political party.

US Representatives from Louisiana

Louisiana is currently represented by 6 members in the U.S. house.

Members of the House of Representives are elected to 2-year terms, and the following chart shows the how the members for Louisiana have changed over time starting in 2008.

Diversity

Acadia Parish, LA is home to a population of 62.6k people, from which 98.9% are citizens. As of 2018, 1.6% of Acadia Parish, LA residents were born outside of the country (1k people).

In 2018, there were 4.36 times more White (Non-Hispanic) residents (48.4k people) in Acadia Parish, LA than any other race or ethnicity. There were 11.1k Black or African American (Non-Hispanic) and 1.29k Two+ (Non-Hispanic) residents, the second and third most common ethnic groups.

Race and Ethnicity

The 3 largest ethnic groups in Acadia Parish, LA

White (Non-Hispanic)
48.4k ± 130
Black or African American (Non-Hispanic)
11.1k ± 455
Two+ (Non-Hispanic)
1.29k ± 456

2.49%

Hispanic Population

1.56k people

2.49% of the people in Acadia Parish, LA are hispanic (1.56k people).

The following chart shows the 7 races represented in Acadia Parish, LA as a share of the total population.

Heritage

Foreign-Born Population

1.6%

2018 Foreign-Born Population

1k people

1.54%

2017 Foreign-Born Population

964 people

As of 2018, 1.6% of Acadia Parish, LA residents (1k people) were born outside of the United States, which is lower than the national average of 13.7%. In 2017, the percentage of foreign-born citizens in Acadia Parish, LA was 1.54%, meaning that the rate has been increasing.

The following chart shows the percentage of foreign-born residents in Acadia Parish, LA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Age by Nativity

Median Native-Born Age

± 0.4

Median Foreign-Born Age

± 8.8

In 2018, the median age of all people in Acadia Parish, LA was 36.2. Native-born citizens, with a median age of 36, were generally older than than foreign-born citizens, with a median age of 33. But people in Acadia Parish, LA are getting getting older. In 2017, the average age of all Acadia Parish, LA residents was 36.

Global Diversity

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Louisiana.

Most Common Origin

Mexico
31,305 ± 4,329 people
Honduras
26,985 ± 4,021 people
Vietnam
19,764 ± 3,444 people

In 2017, the most common birthplace for the foreign-born residents of Louisiana was Mexico, the natal country of 31,305 Louisiana residents, followed by Honduras with 26,985 and Vietnam with 19,764.

Citizenship

98.9%

2018 Citizenship

98.9%

2017 Citizenship

As of 2018, 98.9% of Acadia Parish, LA residents were US citizens, which is higher than the national average of 93.2%. In 2017, the percentage of US citizens in Acadia Parish, LA was 98.9%, meaning that the rate of citizenship has been decreasing.

The following chart shows US citizenship percentages in Acadia Parish, LA compared to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Military

Veterans

Most Common Service Period

Vietnam
988 ± 211
Gulf War (2001-)
514 ± 208
Gulf War (1990s)
410 ± 156

Acadia Parish, LA has a large population of military personnel who served in Vietnam, 1.92 times greater than any other conflict.

Economy

Median household income in Acadia Parish, LA is $41,177. In 2018, the tract with the highest Median Household Income in Acadia Parish, LA was Census Tract 9605 with a value of $74,925, followed by Census Tract 9602 and Census Tract 9612, with respective values of $64,867 and $62,660.

Males in Louisiana have an average income that is 1.55 times higher than the average income of females, which is $40,269. The income inequality in Louisiana (measured using the Gini index) is 0.466, which is lower than than the national average.

The economy of Acadia Parish, LA employs 25.4k people. The largest industries in Acadia Parish, LA are Retail Trade (3,557 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (3,378 people), and Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction (2,664 people), and the highest paying industries are Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction ($73,750), Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($67,059), and Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($62,663).

Wages

Median Household Income

$41,177

2018 value

± $3,101

1.69%

1 Year Growth

± 9.64%

Households in Acadia Parish, LA have a median annual income of $41,177, which is less than the median annual income of $61,937 across the entire United States. This is in comparison to a median income of $40,492 in 2017, which represents a 1.69% annual growth.

The following chart shows how the median household income in Acadia Parish, LA compares to that of its neighboring and parent geographies.

Wage by Gender in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Louisiana.

$62,488

Average Male Salary in Louisiana

± $1,557

$40,269

Average Female Salary in Louisiana

± $1,025

In 2017, full-time male employees in Louisiana made 1.55 times more than female employees.

This chart shows the gender-based wage disparity in the 5 most common occupations in Louisiana by number of full-time employees.

Wage by Race and Ethnicity in Common Jobs

The PUMS dataset is not available at the County level, so we are showing data for Louisiana.

Highest Average Salaries by Race & Ethnicity in Louisiana

Asian
$54,337 ± $8,658
White
$51,901 ± $1,178
American Indian
$39,423 ± $9,186

In 2017 the highest paid race/ethnicity of Louisiana workers was Asian. These workers were paid 1.05 times more than White workers, who made the second highest salary of any race/ethnicity in Louisiana.

This chart shows the race- and ethnicity-based wage disparities in the 5 most common occupations in Louisiana by number of full-time employees.

Wage Distribution

The closest comparable wage GINI for Acadia Parish, LA is from Louisiana.

0.466

2017 Wage GINI in Louisiana

0.465

2016 Wage GINI in Louisiana

In 2017, the income inequality in Louisiana was 0.466 according to the GINI calculation of the wage distribution. Income inequality had a 0.313% growth from 2016 to 2017, which means that wage distribution grew somewhat less even. The GINI for Louisiana was lower than than the national average of 0.479. In other words, wages are distributed more evenly in Louisiana in comparison to the national average.

This chart shows the number of workers in Louisiana across various wage buckets compared to the national average.

Income by Location

Use the dropdown to filter by race/ethnicity.

Highest Median Household Income (Total)

Census Tract 9605
Census Tract 9602
Census Tract 9612

In 2018, the tract with the highest Median Household Income (Total) in Acadia Parish, LA was Census Tract 9605 with a value of $74,925, followed by Census Tract 9602 and Census Tract 9612, with respective values of $64,867 and $62,660.

The following map shows all of the tracts in Acadia Parish, LA colored by their Median Household Income (Total).

Poverty by Age and Gender

Females 25 - 34

Largest Demographic Living in Poverty

23.9% of the population for whom poverty status is determined in Acadia Parish, LA (14.7k out of 61.4k people) live below the poverty line, a number that is higher than the national average of 13.1%. The largest demographic living in poverty are Females 25 - 34, followed by Females 55 - 64 and then Females 35 - 44.

The Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who classifies as impoverished. If a family's total income is less than the family's threshold than that family and every individual in it is considered to be living in poverty.

Poverty by Race and Ethnicity

Largest Race or Ethnicity Living in Poverty

White
8,451 ± 727
Black
5,415 ± 477
Hispanic
685 ± 300

The most common racial or ethnic group living below the poverty line in Acadia Parish, LA is White, followed by Black and Hispanic.

Occupations

Employment by Occupations

25.4k

2018 Value

± 1,338

1.5%

1 Year growth

± 7.37%

From 2017 to 2018, employment in Acadia Parish, LA grew at a rate of 1.5%, from 25k employees to 25.4k employees.

The most common job groups, by number of people living in Acadia Parish, LA, are Sales & Related Occupations (3,031 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (2,846 people), and Construction & Extraction Occupations (2,409 people). This chart illustrates the share breakdown of the primary jobs held by residents of Acadia Parish, LA.

Most Common

The most common jobs held by residents of Acadia Parish, LA, by number of employees, are Sales & Related Occupations (3,031 people), Office & Administrative Support Occupations (2,846 people), and Construction & Extraction Occupations (2,409 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Acadia Parish, LA has an unusually high number of residents working as Transportation Occupations (1.92 times higher than expected), Construction & Extraction Occupations (1.89 times), and Production Occupations (1.6 times).

Highest Paid

The highest paid jobs held by residents of Acadia Parish, LA, by median earnings, are Architecture & Engineering Occupations ($79,821), Computer, Engineering, & Science Occupations ($64,375), and Computer & Mathematical Occupations ($63,125).

Industries

Employment by Industries

25.4k

2018 Value

± 1,338

1.5%

1 Year growth

± 7.37%

From 2017 to 2018, employment in Acadia Parish, LA grew at a rate of 1.5%, from 25k employees to 25.4k employees.

The most common employment sectors for those who live in Acadia Parish, LA, are Retail Trade (3,557 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (3,378 people), and Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction (2,664 people). This chart shows the share breakdown of the primary industries for residents of Acadia Parish, LA, though some of these residents may live in Acadia Parish, LA and work somewhere else. Census data is tagged to a residential address, not a work address.

Most Common

The most common industries in Acadia Parish, LA, by number of employees, are Retail Trade (3,557 people), Health Care & Social Assistance (3,378 people), and Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction (2,664 people).

Most Specialized

Compared to other counties, Acadia Parish, LA has an unusually high number of Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction (20.1 times higher than expected), Management of Companies & Enterprises (2.13 times), and Utilities (1.51 times) industries.

Highest Paying

The highest paying industries in Acadia Parish, LA, by median earnings, are Mining, Quarrying, & Oil & Gas Extraction ($73,750), Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting, & Mining ($67,059), and Real Estate & Rental & Leasing ($62,663).

Domestic Trade

Domestic Production & Consumption

Domestic production and consumption consists of products and services shipped from Louisiana to other states, or from other states to Louisiana.

Top Domestic Production in Dollars

In 2015, the top outbound Louisiana product (by dollars) was Gasoline with $81.6B, followed by Coal-n.e.c. ($69.1B) and Basic chemicals ($38B).

The following chart shows the share of these products in relation to all outbound Louisiana products.

Domestic Trade Growth

Showing data for Louisiana.

$365B

2015 Value in Louisiana

$476B

Projected 2045 Value in Louisiana

30.3% growth

In 2015, total outbound Louisiana trade was $365B. This is expected to increase 30.3% to $476B by 2045.

The following chart shows how the domestic outbound Louisiana trade is projected to change in comparison to its neighboring states.

Interstate Trade

Interstate trade consists of products and services shipped from Louisiana to other states, or from other states to Louisiana.

Most Common Trade Partners

Texas
$38.9B
Mississippi
$36B
Florida
$14.4B

In 2015, the top outbound Louisiana domestic partner for goods and services (by dollars) was Texas with $38.9B, followed by Mississippi with $36B and Florida and $14.4B.

The following map shows the amount of trade that Louisiana shares with each state (excluding itself).

Education

In 2017, universities in Acadia Parish, LA awarded 298 degrees. The student population of Acadia Parish, LA is skewed towards women, with 865 male students and 2,179 female students.

Most students graduating from Universities in Acadia Parish, LA are White (222 and 74.7%), followed by Black or African American (61 and 20.5%), Two or More Races (5 and 1.68%), and Hispanic or Latino (4 and 1.35%).

The largest universities in Acadia Parish, LA by number of degrees awarded are Louisiana State University-Eunice (298 and 100%).

The most popular majors in Acadia Parish, LA are General Studies (88 and 29.5%), Other Liberal Arts & Sciences, General Studies, & Humanities (46 and 15.4%), and Registered Nursing (37 and 12.4%).

The median tuition costs in Acadia Parish, LA are $N/A for private four year colleges, and $N/A and $N/A respectively, for public four year colleges for in-state students and out-of-state students.

Concentrations

Most Common

General Studies
88 degree-majorss awarded
Other Liberal Arts & Sciences, General Studies, & Humanities
46 degree-majorss awarded
Registered Nursing
37 degree-majorss awarded

In 2015, the most common concentation for Associates Degree recipients in Acadia Parish, LA was General Studies with 88 degree-majorss awarded.

This visualization illustrates the percentage of students graduating with a Associates Degree from schools in Acadia Parish, LA according to their major.

Universities

Louisiana State University-Eunice

Largest Universities by degrees awarded

298 degrees awarded

$N/A

Median In-State Public

$N/A

Median Private

In 2017, the Acadia Parish, LA institution with the largest number of graduating students was Louisiana State University-Eunice with 298 degrees awarded.

Student Gender for Common Institutions

Degrees Awarded to Men

222

Degrees Awarded to Women

In 2017, 76 men were awarded degrees from institutions in Acadia Parish, LA, which is 0.342 times less than the 222 female students who received degrees in the same year.

This chart displays the gender disparity between the institutions in Acadia Parish, LA by degrees awarded.

Student Race and Ethnicity

Most Common Student Race or Ethnicity

White
222 degrees awarded
Black or African American
61 degrees awarded
Two or More Races
5 degrees awarded

In 2017 the majority of degrees awarded at institutions in Acadia Parish, LA were to White students. These 222 degrees mean that there were 3.64 times more White students then the next closest race/ethnicity group, Black or African American, with 61 degrees awarded.

Housing & Living

The median property value in Acadia Parish, LA was $107,700 in 2018, which is 0.469 times smaller than the national average of $229,700. Between 2017 and 2018 the median property value increased from $97,500 to $107,700, a 10.5% increase. The homeownership rate in Acadia Parish, LA is 70.8%, which is higher than the national average of 63.9%. People in Acadia Parish, LA have an average commute time of 27.7 minutes, and they commute by Drove Alone. Car ownership in Acadia Parish, LA is approximately the same as the national average, with an average of 2 cars per household.

Housing

Property Value

$107,700

2018 Median

± $5,739

$97,500

2017 Median

± $5,401

In 2018, the median property value in Acadia Parish, LA grew to to $107,700 from the previous year's value of $97,500.

The following charts display, first, the property values in Acadia Parish, LA compared to it's parent and neighbor geographies and, second, owner-occupied housing units distributed between a series of property value buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Acadia Parish, LA the largest share of households have a property value in the N/A range.

Household Income

Please note that the buckets used in this visualization were not evenly distributed by ACS when publishing the data.

$41,177

Median Household Income

± $3,101

22.6k

Number of Households

± 1,174

In 2018, the median household income of the 22.6k households in Acadia Parish, LA grew to $41,177 from the previous year's value of $40,492.

The following chart displays the households in Acadia Parish, LA distributed between a series of income buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households have an income in the $75k - $100k range.

Property Taxes

< $800

Average Range

This chart shows the households in Acadia Parish, LA distributed between a series of property tax buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. In Acadia Parish, LA the largest share of households pay taxes in the < $800 range.

Rent vs Own

70.8%

2018 Homeownership

71.3%

2017 Homeownership

In 2018, 70.8% of the housing units in Acadia Parish, LA were occupied by their owner. This percentage declined from the previous year's rate of 71.3%.

This percentage of owner-occupation is higher than the national average of 63.9%. This chart shows the ownership percentage in Acadia Parish, LA compared it's parent and neighboring geographies.

Commute Time

27.7 minutes

Average Travel Time

Using averages, employees in Acadia Parish, LA have a longer commute time (27.7 minutes) than the normal US worker (25.3 minutes). Additionally, 4.69% of the workforce in Acadia Parish, LA have "super commutes" in excess of 90 minutes.

The chart below shows how the median household income in Acadia Parish, LA compares to that of it's neighboring and parent geographies.

Commuter Transportation

Most Common Method of Travel

Drove Alone
84.4%
Carpooled
10.5%
Worked At Home
1.79%

In 2018, the most common method of travel for workers in Acadia Parish, LA was Drove Alone (84.4%), followed by those who Carpooled (10.5%) and those who Worked At Home (1.79%).

The following chart shows the number of households using each mode of transportation over time, using a logarithmic scale on the y-axis to help better show variations in the smaller means of commuting.

Transportation

Car Ownership

2 cars

Average Number

The following chart displays the households in Acadia Parish, LA distributed between a series of car ownership buckets compared to the national averages for each bucket. The largest share of households in Acadia Parish, LA have 2 cars, followed by 3 cars.

Health

88.5% of the population of Acadia Parish, LA has health coverage, with 41% on employee plans, 24.5% on Medicaid, 10.5% on Medicare, 11.3% on non-group plans, and 1.13% on military or VA plans.

Per capita personal health care spending in Louisiana was $7,815 in 2014. This is a 4.38% increase from the previous year ($7,487).

Primary care physicians in Acadia Parish, LA see 2607 patients per year on average, which represents a 4.05% decrease from the previous year (2717 patients). Compare this to dentists who see 2610 patients per year, and mental health providers who see 2021 patients per year.

Comparing across all counties in the state, Tensas Parish has the highest prevalence of diabetes (17.2%). Additionally, Assumption Parish has the highest prevalence of adult obesity (42%)

Patient to Clinician Ratios

2,607 to 1

Patient to Primary Care Physician Ratio in Acadia Parish, LA

Primary care physicians in Acadia Parish, LA see an average of 2,607 patients per year. This represents a 4.05% decrease from the previous year (2,717 patients).

The following chart shows how the number of patients seen by primary care physicians has been changing over time in Acadia Parish, LA in comparison to its neighboring geographies.

Behavioral Health Conditions

Data only available at the state level.

State with the Highest Prevalence

West Virginia
8.26% of the population affected
Arkansas
8.13% of the population affected
New Hampshire
7.98% of the population affected

In 2016, West Virginia had the highest prevalence of adults with major depressive episode, with 8.26% of the population affected. The second highest is Arkansas (8.13%), followed by New Hampshire (7.98%).

The following map shows the percent of individuals with major depressive episode by state over multiple years.

Social Needs

Data only available at the state level.

Most prevalent states

California
35,798 individuals
New York
5,087 individuals
Florida
4,915 individuals

In 2017, California had the highest estimated number of chronically homeless individuals in the nation, at 35,798. New York has the second highest (5,087), followed by Florida (4,915).

The following map shows the estimated number of chronically homeless individuals by state over multiple years.

Access and Quality

Data only available at state level.

Most prevalent states

Mississippi
19.2% of adults
Texas
17.9% of adults
Louisiana
17.6% of adults

In 2016, Mississippi had the highest prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost, at 19.2%. It is followed by Texas (17.9%) and Louisiana (17.6%).

The following map shows the prevalence of adults who haven't seen a doctor in the past 12 months due to cost by state over multiple years.

Health Care Spending

Data is only available at the state level. Showing data for Louisiana.

$7,815

Total Per Capita Spending on Personal Health Care in Louisiana

$4,420

Per Enrollee Private Health Insurance Spending on Personal Health Care

$6,281

Per Enrollee Medicaid Spending on Personal Health Care

$11,811

Per Enrollee Medicare Spending on Personal Health Care

Between 2013 and 2014, all personal health care spending per capita in Louisiana (including private, Medicare, and Medicaid) grew 4.38%, from $7,487 to $7,815.

The following chart shows how this spending changed over time in comparison to Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance spending, per enrollee.

Health Care Coverage

11.5%

Uninsured

41%

Employer Coverage

24.5%

Medicaid

10.5%

Medicare

11.3%

Non-Group

1.13%

Military or VA

Between 2017 and 2018, the percent of uninsured citizens in Acadia Parish, LA declined by 15.1% from 13.5% to 11.5%.

The following chart shows how the percent of uninsured individuals in Acadia Parish, LA changed over time compared with the percent of individuals enrolled in various types of health insurance.